基于使用的认知模型与商务语言动态性探析

本文从认知语言学的理论框架和基本知识点出发，从五个方面重点探讨了语言基于使用的认知模型的特点及其意义，以期更好地理解该模型的内涵和理论价值，并用于语言分析。这五个方面分别是语言知识的动态语义建构、语言知识的网络辐射结构、知识结构的图示化表征、语言的构式化体验结构，以及语言知识的文化观照。同时，结合以上研究，我们对商务语言的动态性特点做了针对性分析。     

On automated e‐business negotiations: Goal,policy, strategy,and plans of decision and action

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in automated e‐business negotiations. The automation of negotiation requires a decision model to capture the negotiation knowledge of policymakers and negotiation experts so that the decision‐making process can be carried out automatically. Current research on automated e‐business negotiations has focused on defining low‐level tactics (or negotiation rules) so that automated negotiation systems can carry out automated negotiation processes. These low‐level tactics are usually defined from a technical perspective, not from a business perspective. There is a gap between high‐level business negotiation goals and low‐level tactics. In this article, we distinguish the concepts of negotiation context, negotiation goals, negotiation strategy, and negotiation tactics and introduce a formal decision model to show the relations among these concepts. We show how high‐level negotiation goals can be formally mapped to low‐level tactics that can be used to affect the behavior of a negotiation system during the negotiation process. In business, a business organization faces different negotiation situations (or contexts) and determines different sets of goals for different negotiation contexts. In our decision model, a business policymaker sets negotiation goals from different perspectives, which are called goal dimensions. A negotiation policy is a functional mapping from a negotiation context to some quantitative measures (or goal values) for the goal dimensions to express how competitive the policymaker wants to reach that set of goals. A negotiation expert who has the experience and expertise to conduct negotiations would define the negotiation strategies needed for reaching the negotiation goals. Formally, a negotiation strategy is a functional mapping from a set of goal values to a set of decision‐action rules that implement negotiation tactics. The selected decision‐action rules can then be used to control the execution of an automated negotiation system, which conducts a negotiation on behalf of a business organization.     

Slow Recoveries: A Structural Interpretation

An analysis of the performance of GDP, employment, and other labor market variables following the troughs in postwar U.S. business cycles points to much slower recoveries in the three most recent episodes, but does not reveal any significant change over time in the relation between GDP and employment. This leads us to characterize the last three episodes as slow recoveries, as opposed to jobless recoveries. We use the estimated New Keynesian model in Galí, Smets, and Wouters (2011) to provide a structural interpretation for the slower recoveries since the early nineties.     

能力本位的项目化改造之高职商务英语教学改革探索

由于社会对外语人才的需求呈多元化趋势,过去那种单一外语专业和基础技能型的人才已不能适应市场经济的需求。必须通过教学改革以实现商务英语人才培养质量的提高,而能力本位的教育为此指明了方向,项目化改造为此提供了一种实现的途径。     

大学英语教学如何促进现代商业职业人才培养目标的实现

大学英语教学对现代商业职业人才的培养起着非常主要的作用。新的大学英语教学观的树立、教学内容的组织、教学方法的采用、评价方式的改进、第二课堂活动的开展和师资队伍的建设等方面将会使大学英语教学更加适应商业职业院校特色,从而促进现代商业职业人才的培养。     

Contemporary Economic thought. The Contribution of Neo-Institutional Economics

This article examines the historical developments of the institutionalist theory of the business enterprise since the early 1900s in order to demonstrate its distinctive characteristics that are often overlooked or belittled by some institutional-evolutionary economists and most mainstream economists. I argue that the institutionalist theory is an evolving and emergent theory, which bears a reciprocal, evolutionary, and cumulative relationship between the business enterprise and society. The institutionalist theory is, therefore, suitable for the understanding of the real-world business enterprise as it can be modified and refined along with the evolution of capitalism. The article begins with a discussion of the present state of the institutionalist theory. The following section is devoted to the major contributions to the institutionalist theory situated in the evolution of U.S. capitalism. The penultimate section provides a critical discussion of new institutional and evolutionary approaches to the firm. The article concludes with a brief discussion as to what should be done for the further development of the institutionalist theory of the business enterprise.     

语言交际图式对目标管理的启示

著名逻辑学家周礼全先生曾概括陈述了语言交际图式的基本思想,表达了人们在交际过程中意图传递的基本图式。借鉴这个基本图式,可以构建目标管理中目标传达与执行的逻辑图式,这个图式为目标管理中各种保障目标实现的策略提供了基本的逻辑学依据,并为管理策略创新与组织目标的成功实施提供了基本思维图式。     

Process,goal, and social interaction differences in recreation: What makes an activity substitutable

Abstract

In the present study two recreational activities, deer hunting and goose hunting, both similar in form, are compared. The study shows that the activity with the fewest perceived substitutes, deer hunting, also showed higher mean ratings on items measuring the importance of various elements of the experience, such as the process of participation, the goal of the activity, and the social interaction that accompanies the activity by the participants. Deer hunters also reported greater participation in the activity by peers and were more likely to be introduced to the activity by a family member. It is argued that these differences in the importance of the elements of the experiences influence the perceived substitutability of a recreational activity.     

谈火灾自动报警及联动控制系统的设计

以某公司极薄涂镀板深加工工程为例,根据不同保护对象选用不同的火灾探测器,从而进行火灾自动报警及联动控制系统的设计,使整个系统具有组成灵活性、性能优越性、工作可靠性。     

高校本科物业管理人才培养模式研究

高素质物业管理人才紧缺，社会期待高等教育能解决这一问题，但高校物业管理专业本科人才的培养方向及培养方式不能适应社会对高素质物业管理人才的要求。对此，本文将分析目前高校的物业管理人才培养现状和问题，并对如何在高校培养新型物业管理人才提出自己的观点。